Dementia: Clinical Approach, Diagnosis, and Management
Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative syndrome marked by a decline in cognition that interferes with daily functioning. It…
Myocardial Infarction (MI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs due to an acute obstruction of coronary blood…
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Interpretation: A Detailed Guide for Medical Professionals
Electrocardiography (ECG) is an essential tool in clinical practice, used for diagnosing arrhythmias, myocardial infarctions, electrolyte imbalances, and…
Comparison of Common Arrhythmias: AF, Atrial Flutter, SVT, VT, VF, and Torsades de Pointes
Arrhythmias are disturbances in cardiac rhythm that can range from benign to life-threatening. This article provides a comprehensive…
Atrial Fibrillation (AF): Causes, Diagnosis, and Management
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by irregular, rapid atrial electrical activity leading…
Infective Endocarditis: Causes, Diagnosis, and Management
Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection of the heart’s endocardium, most commonly affecting heart valves. It can…
Hypertension Management: Guidelines, Medications, and Lifestyle Modifications
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure levels.…
Congital Heart Diseases: Types, Diagnosis, and Management
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are structural abnormalities of the heart present at birth. They range from simple, asymptomatic…
Arrhythmia Management: Classification, Indications, and Treatment Strategies
Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms caused by disturbances in impulse formation or conduction. Management includes antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs),…
Atrioventricular (AV) Conduction Block: Types, Diagnosis, and Management
Atrioventricular (AV) block is an abnormal delay or interruption in the conduction of electrical impulses from the atria…
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM): Causes, Diagnosis, and Management
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a genetic disorder characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and dynamic outflow tract…
Acute Pericarditis: Causes, Diagnosis, and Management
Acute pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac surrounding the heart. It presents with chest…