Cranial Nerves and Common Lesions: Anatomy & Clinical Correlations
The cranial nerves (CN) are 12 pairs of nerves emerging from the brainstem, responsible for sensory, motor, and…
Hernia Anatomy: Types, Clinical Features, and Management
A hernia is the abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a defect in the surrounding structures…
Hepatobiliary System: Anatomy, Functions, and Clinical Relevance
The hepatobiliary system plays a critical role in metabolism, detoxification, digestion, and waste elimination. It includes the liver,…
Brachial Plexus: Anatomy, Clinical Correlations, and Injury Management
The brachial plexus is a vital nerve network supplying the upper limb, frequently encountered in clinical practice due…
Pulmonary Embolism (PE), Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), and Fat Embolism (FE): Differences, Diagnosis, and Clinical Features
Pulmonary embolism (PE), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and fat embolism (FE) are all types of embolic disorders that involve…
Inhalation Injury: Diagnosis and Management
Inhalation injury occurs due to the inhalation of smoke, toxic gases, or superheated air, leading to airway inflammation,…
Opioid Toxicity: Diagnosis and Management
Opioid Toxicity: Diagnosis and Management Introduction Opioid toxicity is a life-threatening condition resulting from excessive opioid exposure, leading…
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Diagnosis and Management
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels…
Flail Chest: Diagnosis and Management
Flail chest is a life-threatening thoracic injury that occurs when a segment of the rib cage becomes detached…
Preoperative Medication, Food, and Drink Restrictions
Prior to surgery, it is crucial to stop certain medications, foods, and drinks to reduce the risk of…