Definition Urticaria (hives): transient, pruritic, erythematous wheals due to mast cell degranulation and histamine release. Duration of individual lesions: <24…

Definition Erysipelas is an acute bacterial infection of the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, producing a well-demarcated, raised area of…

Definition Cellulitis is an acute bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, usually spreading rapidly with poorly demarcated edges.…

Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency defined as a prolonged seizure lasting more than 5 minutes or recurrent seizures…

Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative syndrome marked by a decline in cognition that interferes with daily functioning. It is not…

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs due to an acute obstruction of coronary blood flow, leading…

Electrocardiography (ECG) is an essential tool in clinical practice, used for diagnosing arrhythmias, myocardial infarctions, electrolyte imbalances, and various cardiac…

Arrhythmias are disturbances in cardiac rhythm that can range from benign to life-threatening. This article provides a comprehensive comparison of…

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by irregular, rapid atrial electrical activity leading to ineffective…

Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection of the heart’s endocardium, most commonly affecting heart valves. It can lead to…

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure levels. It significantly…

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are structural abnormalities of the heart present at birth. They range from simple, asymptomatic defects to…