Cardiology

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs due to an acute obstruction of coronary blood…

Electrocardiography (ECG) is an essential tool in clinical practice, used for diagnosing arrhythmias, myocardial infarctions, electrolyte imbalances, and…

Arrhythmias are disturbances in cardiac rhythm that can range from benign to life-threatening. This article provides a comprehensive…

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by irregular, rapid atrial electrical activity leading…

Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection of the heart’s endocardium, most commonly affecting heart valves. It can…

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure levels.…

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are structural abnormalities of the heart present at birth. They range from simple, asymptomatic…

Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms caused by disturbances in impulse formation or conduction. Management includes antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs),…

Atrioventricular (AV) block is an abnormal delay or interruption in the conduction of electrical impulses from the atria…

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a genetic disorder characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and dynamic outflow tract…

Acute pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac surrounding the heart. It presents with chest…

A heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during the cardiac cycle due to turbulent blood flow. It…